This paper contains revision of some data for earlier years as well as statistics for 1985–86 and 1986–87.

This paper examines price setting policies and practices of port authorities in Australia.

This report discusses the effect of Australian flag shipping on the balance of payments (the external account).

This Paper primarily examines the costs of waterfront unreliability in Australia in 1988 drawing on information provided by shipping companies and on the results of a survey of importers and exporters.

This study updates to 1991, the components of shore based shipping costs included in the Industry Task Force 1986 Shore-Based Shipping Final Report, and BTE Occasional Paper 80, Shore-based Shipping Costs, Non-bulk Cargo.

This study has refined the methodology and expanded the scope of a previous Bureau of Transport and Communications Economics study on the cost of road accidents in Australia.

This Working Paper examines past trends in the fuel efficiency of ships and aircraft, and looks at technical developments and economic factors which could yield further improvements.

Ports have been a major focus of the Australian Government's reform program. The Waterfront Industry Reform Authority was responsible for reform of the stevedoring industry, completing its work in October 1992.

Although it is widely known that the risk of failure is high in old ships, old bulk ships continue to be used.

This Working Paper is the third in a series of Working Papers which disseminates the results of a large research project into the adequacy of Australia's transport infrastructure over the next 20 years.