This Working Paper examines past trends in the fuel efficiency of ships and aircraft, and looks at technical developments and economic factors which could yield further improvements.

Ports have been a major focus of the Australian Government's reform program. The Waterfront Industry Reform Authority was responsible for reform of the stevedoring industry, completing its work in October 1992.

Although it is widely known that the risk of failure is high in old ships, old bulk ships continue to be used.

This Working Paper is the third in a series of Working Papers which disseminates the results of a large research project into the adequacy of Australia's transport infrastructure over the next 20 years.

The Bureau study examines the great changes which have been implemented in the stevedoring workforce and in its employment arrangements, the improvements which have occurred in the productivity and reliability of stevedoring services, and estimate

BTCE (1992) Social cost of transport accidents in Australia, Report 79, p. 52, estimated the total cost of rail accidents in 1988 as $94.5 million (in 1988 dollars).

This issue of Waterline includes the regular articles on stevedoring performance, port interface costs and port performance. A feature article provides an overview of the non-containerised general cargo sector.

This report examines the appropriateness of established rates of assistance for the shipping of cargo to and from Tasmania and proposes rate amendments for different commodities and different units for the shipment of those commodities.

This issue of Waterline includes our regular article on stevedoring performance. The feature articles cover waterfront reliability, crew to berth ratios in Australian shipping and port charging.

This issue of Waterline includes our regular articles on stevedoring performance, port interface costs, port performance and crew to berth ratios. A feature article covers port interface costs at Burnie.